Effects of tenure upgrading on women pdf Mount Ayliff
"A Consideration of Tenure and Its Effect on Women Faculty
The Effect of Informal Settlement Upgrading on Women’s. women, men, boys and girls, while hardly homogenous groupings, tend to have systematically different experiences in relation to climate change based on the inequalities associated with socially constructed gender roles (1, 2). Gender serves as an important dimension of both vulnerability and adaptation, that is, whether and how, Looking at the effects of the increase on dual-income households' consumption expenditure and savings, it is clear that the increase in income corresponds with an increase in consumption expenditure. Meanwhile, the increase in dual-income households also contributes to a rise in the savings rate (a decline in propensity to consume), which is considered to be one reason why macroeconomic.
Quick Guide to What and How increasing women’s access to land
Links between Tenure Security and Food Security Evidence. 01/11/2016 · The growth of informal settlements, slums and poor residential neighbourhoods is a global phenomenon accompanying the growth of urban populations. An estimated 25% of the world’s urban population live in informal settlements, with 213 million informal settlement residents added to the global population since 1990 (UN-Habitat, 2013b: 126–8)., The Effects of Paid Family and Medical Leave on Employment Stability and Economic Security Heather Boushey and Sarah Jane Glynn April 2012 www.americanprogress.org.
Women and Land Tenure Rights in Southern Africa: A human rights-based approach Gladys Mutangadura1 Abstract Land is considered the most fundamental resource to women's living conditions, economic empowerment and, to some extent, their struggle for equity and equality. More than 60% percent of women in Southern Africa are dependent on land for their livelihoods. Despite the … To this end, this study used a conjoint experiment in five urban slums in Kenya to empirically examine the causal effects of the types of land tenure and other elements of slum-upgrading initiatives on slum dwellers' preferences and their abilities to afford alternative, upgraded housing. In the experiment, respondents were given a choice
Women's Rights to Land and Property By Marjolein Benschop Legal Officer, Land & Tenure Section, UN-HABITAT 1. Introduction In many cities of developing countries, more than half of the urban these tenure systems such that investment and productivity effects can be enhanced by reducing land conflicts and tenure insecurity. When the government in Kenya tried to limit subdivision of holdings through its land registration system, this led to widespread evasions which undermined the whole system (Bruce 1986). Customary laws remained
The Moderating Effects of Employee Tenure on the Relation between Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: A Meta-analysis One of the main lessons from experience during the last two decades regarding urban land management and security of tenure is that any tenure upgrading or regularization project must be accompanied by the provision of basic infrastructure and services. Conversely, provision of basic infrastructure and services requires some form of secure tenure.
01/11/2016 · The growth of informal settlements, slums and poor residential neighbourhoods is a global phenomenon accompanying the growth of urban populations. An estimated 25% of the world’s urban population live in informal settlements, with 213 million informal settlement residents added to the global population since 1990 (UN-Habitat, 2013b: 126–8). hypothesis that part of the difference in job satisfaction between men and women (the latter report higher job satisfaction) is due to the fact that women have lower expectations. Long’s study finds the gender difference only holds for less-educated workers in Australia. None of these studies, however, directly controls for expectations
01/11/2016 · The growth of informal settlements, slums and poor residential neighbourhoods is a global phenomenon accompanying the growth of urban populations. An estimated 25% of the world’s urban population live in informal settlements, with 213 million informal settlement residents added to the global population since 1990 (UN-Habitat, 2013b: 126–8). Policies and practices relating to tenure security The report summarizes the emerging debate on land tenure and rights at international level, the widespread advance of market based tenure systems worldwide and current trends and changes in order to improve tenure security at national level. It also refers to innovative
RS – Lecture 17 1 Lecture 8 Models for Censored and Truncated Data -TobitModel •In some data sets we do not observe values above or below a certain magnitude, due to a censoring or truncation mechanism. 17/02/2017 · Informal settlements are prevalent in the South African urban landscape. Part of the attempt by the government to meet housing and infrastructure needs has been the in situ upgrading of these informal settlements. This paper explores the effect of in situ informal settlement upgrading on women’s social networks. Social networks are important
Although the Land Apportionment Act and the Land Tenure Act are not basically different in intention or effect, 5 there are certain distinctions between them that should be noted. In the first place, the Land Apportionment Act had no bearing whatever on the status of the Native Reserves. These were (as stated earlier) enshrined in the 1923 The focus of this research is to survey the literature in American higher education on the tenure and promotion of women and to suggest future problems that women may encounter as the American population grays. Anecdotally, women are not tenured and promoted in the same percentages of men in similar fields. In the social and natural sciences, women face greater obstacles than in some other
Implications of Teacher Tenure on Teacher Quality and
Quick Guide to What and How increasing women’s access to land. women, men, boys and girls, while hardly homogenous groupings, tend to have systematically different experiences in relation to climate change based on the inequalities associated with socially constructed gender roles (1, 2). Gender serves as an important dimension of both vulnerability and adaptation, that is, whether and how, hypothesis that part of the difference in job satisfaction between men and women (the latter report higher job satisfaction) is due to the fact that women have lower expectations. Long’s study finds the gender difference only holds for less-educated workers in Australia. None of these studies, however, directly controls for expectations.
Job Satisfaction and Promotions. The causes of ethnic conflicts in the Northern Region of Ghana are varied. They include competition for chieftaincy positions and litigation over rights of land tenure (Tsikata and Seini 2004: 4). Other Scholars have explained inter-ethnic conflicts within the framework of the struggle for autonomy, litigation over land tenure, Although the Land Apportionment Act and the Land Tenure Act are not basically different in intention or effect, 5 there are certain distinctions between them that should be noted. In the first place, the Land Apportionment Act had no bearing whatever on the status of the Native Reserves. These were (as stated earlier) enshrined in the 1923.
Lecture 8 Models for Censored and Truncated DataTobitModel
Job Satisfaction and Promotions. or UN Women concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenure or UN Women concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries..
16/08/2013 · Women in Colombia, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador have shared in recent land distributions to a much greater extent than in the agrarian reforms of past decades as a result of legislation that expressly considered and protected women’s tenure rights. In Colombia, mandatory joint titling of land distributed to couples, once properly The focus of this research is to survey the literature in American higher education on the tenure and promotion of women and to suggest future problems that women may encounter as the American population grays. Anecdotally, women are not tenured and promoted in the same percentages of men in similar fields. In the social and natural sciences, women face greater obstacles than in some other
RS – Lecture 17 1 Lecture 8 Models for Censored and Truncated Data -TobitModel •In some data sets we do not observe values above or below a certain magnitude, due to a censoring or truncation mechanism. HABITAT III ISSUE PAPERS 22 – INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS New York, 31 May 2015 (not edited version) 1 ISSUE PAPER ON INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS KEY WORDS Urban poverty, slums, slum dwellers, vulnerable and marginalized groups, socio-spatial exclusion, governance, equity and equality, environmental justice, participatory planning, right to adequate housing, security of tenure, slum upgrading …
What Determines Our Wage: The Econometric Analysis of Male-Female Wage Gap Mentor: Shari J. Eli . EC196 Research Paper 2 2 Introduction The persistency of differentials by gender in the labor market is one of the key focus points of labor economics. Its importance in policy making is vast due to the necessity for mobility and heterogeneity of labor forces. It is important to know to which Although the Land Apportionment Act and the Land Tenure Act are not basically different in intention or effect, 5 there are certain distinctions between them that should be noted. In the first place, the Land Apportionment Act had no bearing whatever on the status of the Native Reserves. These were (as stated earlier) enshrined in the 1923
The Effects of Paid Family and Medical Leave on Employment Stability and Economic Security Heather Boushey and Sarah Jane Glynn April 2012 www.americanprogress.org To this end, this study used a conjoint experiment in five urban slums in Kenya to empirically examine the causal effects of the types of land tenure and other elements of slum-upgrading initiatives on slum dwellers' preferences and their abilities to afford alternative, upgraded housing. In the experiment, respondents were given a choice
The tenures adopted having an effect of land use, should among others aim at providing security of tenure to the persons holding the land, sustain and improve the environment be easily understood and acceptable to the communities as well as be equitable. TS6.2 Chege Waiganjo and Paul E. N. Ngugi: The Effects of Existing Land Tenure Systems on Land Use in Kenya Today International Conference on Effects of land tenure and property rights on agricultural productivity in Ethiopia, Namibia and Bangladesh (Shimelles Tenaw, K.M. Zahidul Islam and Tuulikki Parviainen) 6. Effects of developing country policies on agricultural services, extension, rural infrastructure and energy, health care, water and sanitation (Md. Motaher Hossain and Shimelles Tenaw) 7. Identifying the driving forces
What Determines Our Wage: The Econometric Analysis of Male-Female Wage Gap Mentor: Shari J. Eli . EC196 Research Paper 2 2 Introduction The persistency of differentials by gender in the labor market is one of the key focus points of labor economics. Its importance in policy making is vast due to the necessity for mobility and heterogeneity of labor forces. It is important to know to which Experience and Future Direction in Ethiopian Rural Land Administration By Tigistu Gebremeskel Abza Paper Presented at the Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty April, 2011 Washington D.C . 2 ABSTRACT Over the years, land tenure insecurity caused by frequent land redistribution had forced farmers in Ethiopia to favor short term exploitation of land resources over long-term
Secure land tenure for urban slum-dwellers A conjoint
Secure land tenure for urban slum-dwellers A conjoint. tenure and CEO duality and firm performance. The other aim is to explore the moderating effect of the board diversity (board foreign members on the board and the board commitment) on the association between the board of director and firm performance. The sample of this study covered non-financial companies in two years (2011 and 2012). This, 01/11/2016 · The growth of informal settlements, slums and poor residential neighbourhoods is a global phenomenon accompanying the growth of urban populations. An estimated 25% of the world’s urban population live in informal settlements, with 213 million informal settlement residents added to the global population since 1990 (UN-Habitat, 2013b: 126–8)..
Gender and Climate Change
Gender-Differentiated Impacts of Tenure Insecurity on. Although the Land Apportionment Act and the Land Tenure Act are not basically different in intention or effect, 5 there are certain distinctions between them that should be noted. In the first place, the Land Apportionment Act had no bearing whatever on the status of the Native Reserves. These were (as stated earlier) enshrined in the 1923, or UN Women concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries..
01/11/2016 · The growth of informal settlements, slums and poor residential neighbourhoods is a global phenomenon accompanying the growth of urban populations. An estimated 25% of the world’s urban population live in informal settlements, with 213 million informal settlement residents added to the global population since 1990 (UN-Habitat, 2013b: 126–8). Effects of land tenure and property rights on agricultural productivity in Ethiopia, Namibia and Bangladesh (Shimelles Tenaw, K.M. Zahidul Islam and Tuulikki Parviainen) 6. Effects of developing country policies on agricultural services, extension, rural infrastructure and energy, health care, water and sanitation (Md. Motaher Hossain and Shimelles Tenaw) 7. Identifying the driving forces
To this end, this study used a conjoint experiment in five urban slums in Kenya to empirically examine the causal effects of the types of land tenure and other elements of slum-upgrading initiatives on slum dwellers' preferences and their abilities to afford alternative, upgraded housing. In the experiment, respondents were given a choice Although the Land Apportionment Act and the Land Tenure Act are not basically different in intention or effect, 5 there are certain distinctions between them that should be noted. In the first place, the Land Apportionment Act had no bearing whatever on the status of the Native Reserves. These were (as stated earlier) enshrined in the 1923
Informal Settlement Upgrading: Incrementally upgrading tenure under customary administration An agency of the National Department of Human Settlements. This research was undertaken by the Socio-Economic Rights Institute and Development Works. The team members were: Lauren Royston Gemey Abrahams Donna Hornby Lwazi Mtshiyo Disclaimer Reasonable care has been taken in preparation of … Effects of land tenure and property rights on agricultural productivity in Ethiopia, Namibia and Bangladesh (Shimelles Tenaw, K.M. Zahidul Islam and Tuulikki Parviainen) 6. Effects of developing country policies on agricultural services, extension, rural infrastructure and energy, health care, water and sanitation (Md. Motaher Hossain and Shimelles Tenaw) 7. Identifying the driving forces
the effects of migration, husband’s migration has some effects on women’s land right. It has serious implications on women’s social, psychological, and biological wellbeing as well as their economic empowerment. Husband’s migration further undermines women’s ability and possibility to access to and control over land. THE POLITICS OF LAND TENURE IN ETHIOPIAN HISTORY: Experience From the South Paper Prepared for XI World Congress of Rural Sociology, Trondheim, Norway, July 25-30, 2004 By:Hussein Jemma, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Research Fellow, Centre for International Environment and Development Studies, Agricultural University of Norway
Gender and Climate Change. Women and Land Tenure Rights in Southern Africa: A human rights-based approach Gladys Mutangadura1 Abstract Land is considered the most fundamental resource to women's living conditions, economic empowerment and, to some extent, their struggle for equity and equality. More than 60% percent of women in Southern Africa are dependent on land for their livelihoods. Despite the …, Women and Land Tenure Rights in Southern Africa: A human rights-based approach Gladys Mutangadura1 Abstract Land is considered the most fundamental resource to women's living conditions, economic empowerment and, to some extent, their struggle for equity and equality. More than 60% percent of women in Southern Africa are dependent on land for their livelihoods. Despite the ….
The Recent Increase in Dual-Income Households and Its
The Effects of Paid Family and Medical Leave on Employment. The Moderating Effects of Employee Tenure on the Relation between Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: A Meta-analysis, across all tenures. • Raise and maintain the quality of existing housing across all tenures to ensure that every home in Scotland is warm, dry and energy efficient. • Deliver the vision of a Scotland where fuel poverty is eliminated. A series of briefings to promote action to reduce health inequalities. Housing and health inequalities.
Lecture 8 Models for Censored and Truncated DataTobitModel. Effects of land tenure and property rights on agricultural productivity in Ethiopia, Namibia and Bangladesh (Shimelles Tenaw, K.M. Zahidul Islam and Tuulikki Parviainen) 6. Effects of developing country policies on agricultural services, extension, rural infrastructure and energy, health care, water and sanitation (Md. Motaher Hossain and Shimelles Tenaw) 7. Identifying the driving forces, hypothesis that part of the difference in job satisfaction between men and women (the latter report higher job satisfaction) is due to the fact that women have lower expectations. Long’s study finds the gender difference only holds for less-educated workers in Australia. None of these studies, however, directly controls for expectations.
Impact of land registration and certification on land
The Effect of Informal Settlement Upgrading on Women’s. economics lens, the job security provided by tenure policies could alter incentives for teacher behavior, thus impacting teacher effectiveness. The aim of my research is to evaluate the effects of tenure policy on teacher quality and the resulting student performance, particularly in North Carolina. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenure women & 50 youths trained in small business management Holds 3 training workshops for 60 community business support mentors Hold 18 livelihood support group meetings for IGA beneficiaries Liaise with and link trained women and youth to existing community microfinance institutions & banks ….
What Determines Our Wage: The Econometric Analysis of Male-Female Wage Gap Mentor: Shari J. Eli . EC196 Research Paper 2 2 Introduction The persistency of differentials by gender in the labor market is one of the key focus points of labor economics. Its importance in policy making is vast due to the necessity for mobility and heterogeneity of labor forces. It is important to know to which 16/08/2013 · Women in Colombia, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador have shared in recent land distributions to a much greater extent than in the agrarian reforms of past decades as a result of legislation that expressly considered and protected women’s tenure rights. In Colombia, mandatory joint titling of land distributed to couples, once properly
Experience and Future Direction in Ethiopian Rural Land Administration By Tigistu Gebremeskel Abza Paper Presented at the Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty April, 2011 Washington D.C . 2 ABSTRACT Over the years, land tenure insecurity caused by frequent land redistribution had forced farmers in Ethiopia to favor short term exploitation of land resources over long-term To this end, this study used a conjoint experiment in five urban slums in Kenya to empirically examine the causal effects of the types of land tenure and other elements of slum-upgrading initiatives on slum dwellers' preferences and their abilities to afford alternative, upgraded housing. In the experiment, respondents were given a choice
16/08/2013 · Women in Colombia, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador have shared in recent land distributions to a much greater extent than in the agrarian reforms of past decades as a result of legislation that expressly considered and protected women’s tenure rights. In Colombia, mandatory joint titling of land distributed to couples, once properly women, men, boys and girls, while hardly homogenous groupings, tend to have systematically different experiences in relation to climate change based on the inequalities associated with socially constructed gender roles (1, 2). Gender serves as an important dimension of both vulnerability and adaptation, that is, whether and how
TS 35 - Informal Settlements: Policy, Land Use and Tenure 1/17 Mohammed Haji Ali and Muhammad Salim Sulaiman The Causes and Consequences of the Informal Settlements in Zanzibar Shaping the Change XXIII FIG Congress Munich, Germany, October 8 – 13, 2006 The Causes and Consequences of the Informal Settlements in Zanzibar The focus of this research is to survey the literature in American higher education on the tenure and promotion of women and to suggest future problems that women may encounter as the American population grays. Anecdotally, women are not tenured and promoted in the same percentages of men in similar fields. In the social and natural sciences, women face greater obstacles than in some other
Housing and health inequalities Home - NHS Health Scotland
Job Satisfaction and Promotions. Effects of land tenure and property rights on agricultural productivity in Ethiopia, Namibia and Bangladesh (Shimelles Tenaw, K.M. Zahidul Islam and Tuulikki Parviainen) 6. Effects of developing country policies on agricultural services, extension, rural infrastructure and energy, health care, water and sanitation (Md. Motaher Hossain and Shimelles Tenaw) 7. Identifying the driving forces, Women and Land Tenure Rights in Southern Africa: A human rights-based approach Gladys Mutangadura1 Abstract Land is considered the most fundamental resource to women's living conditions, economic empowerment and, to some extent, their struggle for equity and equality. More than 60% percent of women in Southern Africa are dependent on land for their livelihoods. Despite the ….
Gender and Climate Change
Gender and Climate Change. across all tenures. • Raise and maintain the quality of existing housing across all tenures to ensure that every home in Scotland is warm, dry and energy efficient. • Deliver the vision of a Scotland where fuel poverty is eliminated. A series of briefings to promote action to reduce health inequalities. Housing and health inequalities, Policies and practices relating to tenure security The report summarizes the emerging debate on land tenure and rights at international level, the widespread advance of market based tenure systems worldwide and current trends and changes in order to improve tenure security at national level. It also refers to innovative.
What Determines Our Wage: The Econometric Analysis of Male-Female Wage Gap Mentor: Shari J. Eli . EC196 Research Paper 2 2 Introduction The persistency of differentials by gender in the labor market is one of the key focus points of labor economics. Its importance in policy making is vast due to the necessity for mobility and heterogeneity of labor forces. It is important to know to which Looking at the effects of the increase on dual-income households' consumption expenditure and savings, it is clear that the increase in income corresponds with an increase in consumption expenditure. Meanwhile, the increase in dual-income households also contributes to a rise in the savings rate (a decline in propensity to consume), which is considered to be one reason why macroeconomic
and their influence on housing risk factors and health A data report based on the WHO LARES database Housing conditions have an influence on residents’ health. As different financial capacities - or social determinants in general - may lead to different housing conditions, … Looking at the effects of the increase on dual-income households' consumption expenditure and savings, it is clear that the increase in income corresponds with an increase in consumption expenditure. Meanwhile, the increase in dual-income households also contributes to a rise in the savings rate (a decline in propensity to consume), which is considered to be one reason why macroeconomic
To this end, this study used a conjoint experiment in five urban slums in Kenya to empirically examine the causal effects of the types of land tenure and other elements of slum-upgrading initiatives on slum dwellers' preferences and their abilities to afford alternative, upgraded housing. In the experiment, respondents were given a choice Policies and practices relating to tenure security The report summarizes the emerging debate on land tenure and rights at international level, the widespread advance of market based tenure systems worldwide and current trends and changes in order to improve tenure security at national level. It also refers to innovative
17/02/2017 · Informal settlements are prevalent in the South African urban landscape. Part of the attempt by the government to meet housing and infrastructure needs has been the in situ upgrading of these informal settlements. This paper explores the effect of in situ informal settlement upgrading on women’s social networks. Social networks are important of a tenure-security-enhancing land tenure reform program based on household panel data. Overall we find positive effects of the program, which has enhanced individual household tenure security as well as food (calorie) availability and child nutrition measured by body mass index (BMI). The rest of the paper is organized as follows. A brief
14 – 17 November 2017 ADDIS ABABA ETHIOPIA
Gender and Climate Change. TS 35 - Informal Settlements: Policy, Land Use and Tenure 1/17 Mohammed Haji Ali and Muhammad Salim Sulaiman The Causes and Consequences of the Informal Settlements in Zanzibar Shaping the Change XXIII FIG Congress Munich, Germany, October 8 – 13, 2006 The Causes and Consequences of the Informal Settlements in Zanzibar, The tenures adopted having an effect of land use, should among others aim at providing security of tenure to the persons holding the land, sustain and improve the environment be easily understood and acceptable to the communities as well as be equitable. TS6.2 Chege Waiganjo and Paul E. N. Ngugi: The Effects of Existing Land Tenure Systems on Land Use in Kenya Today International Conference on.
14 – 17 November 2017 ADDIS ABABA ETHIOPIA. these tenure systems such that investment and productivity effects can be enhanced by reducing land conflicts and tenure insecurity. When the government in Kenya tried to limit subdivision of holdings through its land registration system, this led to widespread evasions which undermined the whole system (Bruce 1986). Customary laws remained, HABITAT III ISSUE PAPERS 22 – INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS New York, 31 May 2015 (not edited version) 1 ISSUE PAPER ON INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS KEY WORDS Urban poverty, slums, slum dwellers, vulnerable and marginalized groups, socio-spatial exclusion, governance, equity and equality, environmental justice, participatory planning, right to adequate housing, security of tenure, slum upgrading ….
Informal Settlements and the MDGs Global Urban Development
The Moderating Effect of Board Diversity on the. TS 35 - Informal Settlements: Policy, Land Use and Tenure 1/17 Mohammed Haji Ali and Muhammad Salim Sulaiman The Causes and Consequences of the Informal Settlements in Zanzibar Shaping the Change XXIII FIG Congress Munich, Germany, October 8 – 13, 2006 The Causes and Consequences of the Informal Settlements in Zanzibar https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenure 17/02/2017 · Informal settlements are prevalent in the South African urban landscape. Part of the attempt by the government to meet housing and infrastructure needs has been the in situ upgrading of these informal settlements. This paper explores the effect of in situ informal settlement upgrading on women’s social networks. Social networks are important.
RS – Lecture 17 1 Lecture 8 Models for Censored and Truncated Data -TobitModel •In some data sets we do not observe values above or below a certain magnitude, due to a censoring or truncation mechanism. The focus of this research is to survey the literature in American higher education on the tenure and promotion of women and to suggest future problems that women may encounter as the American population grays. Anecdotally, women are not tenured and promoted in the same percentages of men in similar fields. In the social and natural sciences, women face greater obstacles than in some other
Women and Land Tenure Rights in Southern Africa: A human rights-based approach Gladys Mutangadura1 Abstract Land is considered the most fundamental resource to women's living conditions, economic empowerment and, to some extent, their struggle for equity and equality. More than 60% percent of women in Southern Africa are dependent on land for their livelihoods. Despite the … women & 50 youths trained in small business management Holds 3 training workshops for 60 community business support mentors Hold 18 livelihood support group meetings for IGA beneficiaries Liaise with and link trained women and youth to existing community microfinance institutions & banks …
the effects of migration, husband’s migration has some effects on women’s land right. It has serious implications on women’s social, psychological, and biological wellbeing as well as their economic empowerment. Husband’s migration further undermines women’s ability and possibility to access to and control over land. women, men, boys and girls, while hardly homogenous groupings, tend to have systematically different experiences in relation to climate change based on the inequalities associated with socially constructed gender roles (1, 2). Gender serves as an important dimension of both vulnerability and adaptation, that is, whether and how
and their influence on housing risk factors and health A data report based on the WHO LARES database Housing conditions have an influence on residents’ health. As different financial capacities - or social determinants in general - may lead to different housing conditions, … Effects of land tenure and property rights on agricultural productivity in Ethiopia, Namibia and Bangladesh (Shimelles Tenaw, K.M. Zahidul Islam and Tuulikki Parviainen) 6. Effects of developing country policies on agricultural services, extension, rural infrastructure and energy, health care, water and sanitation (Md. Motaher Hossain and Shimelles Tenaw) 7. Identifying the driving forces